INBDE (Integrated National Board Dental Examination) Practice Exam

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Prepare for the INBDE with our comprehensive quiz that features interactive questions and detailed explanations. Hone your skills and gain confidence before the big test!

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A cross-sectional study cannot be used to determine causality because:

it is not blinded
it is not randomized
it is highly subject to confounding
it has no measurements related to temporality

The correct answer is: it has no measurements related to temporality

A cross-sectional study involves collecting data from a group of subjects at one specific point in time. This type of study design does not allow for the assessment of cause and effect relationships because it does not follow subjects over time. Therefore, it does not measure temporality, which is necessary for establishing causality.